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If you haven't yet, start planning your vegetable garden now. You need time to properly prepare the beds, as planting times are approaching. If you plant a garden, you'll get to enjoy the harvest!
To provide adequate light, place your vegetable garden site where it will enjoy full sun for the majority of the day. Without sunlight, your plants will succumb to disease and fail to flower, and you won't get a crop.
One of the most important steps in gardening is preparing the soil. Turn the soil to a depth of 7 or 8 inches, at minimum. If you did not plow or spade the garden site in the fall, turn the soil in spring as soon as it is dry enough to work. A good test to determine if the soil can be worked is to mold a handful of soil into a ball. If the ball is not sticky but crumbles readily when pressed with your thumb, the soil is in good condition.
Get a smooth, level surface by raking as soon as possible after turning, making the soil as fine as you can. This step helps to firm the soil, break up clods and leave a smooth surface for seeding. Soil left in rough condition for several days after turning in the spring may dry out and form hard clods, making it much more difficult to prepare a good seedbed. Regularly rake the soil to keep down weeds and to prepare a smooth, clod-free planting bed.
Vegetables need deep, fertile soil. Sandy or decomposed granite loam is best. If you don't have great soil, don't despair! There are soil amendments that will allow you to enjoy great veggies as well. After the soil has been turned and firmed up, spread compost and fertilizer onto the bed, mixing it in well. You can prepare a small garden plot for planting by using a spade, shovel, or spading fork to mix in the amendments; use a small tractor or rototiller for a larger garden. Raised garden beds allow for relatively easy soil preparation for planting once they are constructed. They also have an added benefit of allowing for good drainage.
In addition to good soil, vegetables need adequate drainage. If your soil is rock hard or drainage is nil, planting in raised beds that are filled with top soil mixed with a good quality compost allows for good drainage. If roots are a problem, plant in large containers with paving stones underneath.
Finally, decide on a watering system. The furrow method is good, especially with heavy soils,
but it wastes water. Overhead sprinkling can work, but in highly humid areas excess moisture on leaves, cool temperatures, and a moist atmosphere may encourage fungus growth. The best way for modern gardeners to water vegetables is with a drip system. Most vegetables need the equivalent of an inch of rain per week for healthy growth. Drip systems use 40-60 percent less water by putting water where roots are. It can seem like a lot of work, but the increased harvest is well worth the effort!
Lay out crops in your vegetable garden to make the best use of sunlight. A good rule of thumb is to plant tall crops to the north and short crops to the south, and arrange your rows from north to south so the sun goes from side to side across them. If you really want to grow vegetables but do not get full sun, try lettuce, potatoes, asparagus, and herbs. Tomatoes will bear a crop with just four or five hours of midday sun in a warm, sheltered location, especially if it also provides reflected heat.
A wide range of vegetables can be grown in our area: corn, green beans, lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, carrots, radishes, beets, chard, and turnips. As the temperatures increase, you can even plant heat-loving vegetables like peppers, lima beans, melons, pumpkins, eggplant, and okra.
Conventional row spacing is 36 to 40 inches apart, but spacing depends on a number of factors: equipment, garden size, and vegetables being grown. Rows for vigorously vining vegetables like watermelons, cantaloupes, pumpkins, and winter squash are usually 6 to 8 feet apart.
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